Portable document format, popularly known as pdf is used to send files to consultants, partners, friends and clients alike. It had covered over twentyfive million hectares of land. The use of bt cotton in india has grown exponentially since its introduction in 2002. Insectresistant cotton was first introduced commercially in 1996. Preservation of bt technology is critical for cotton producers across the u. Advantages of btcotton yield superiority more profit lesser need of pesticide better quality suitability for early sowing 17. Economic impacts and impact dynamics of bt bacillus thuringiensis. Restrictions and limitations to the use of bt cotton are discussed, such. Socioeconomic impact of bt cotton a case study of karnataka. Bt cotton is a genetically modified organism gmo or genetically modified pest resistant plant cotton variety, which produces an insecticide to combat bollworm. Why use pdf a backgrounder on pdfs advantages and disadvantages. Although this case study involved only one form of gm trait.
Albeltagy plant protection research institute alsobhia. Economic impacts and impact dynamics of bt bacillus thuringiensis cotton in india jonas kathage1 and matin qaim1 department of agricultural economics and rural development, georgaugustuniversity of goettingen, d37073 goettingen, germany. Bt stands for bacillus thuringiensis a soil bacterium which contains a toxic gene called bt. In contrast, bt is specific to a few insects that are susceptible to the toxin and only kills insects that have ingested bt corn. Eight years after the deployment of bt cotton, india became the number one exporter of cotton globally and the second largest cotton. Building on unique panel data collected between 2002 and 2008, and controlling for nonrandom selection bias in technology adoption, we show that bt has caused a 24% increase in cotton yield per acre through reduced pest damage and a 50% gain in cotton pro. In 1996, the introduction of bt cotton made it possible to reactivate this crop, which in previous years was greatly reduced due to pest problems, production costs and environmental concerns.
Bt cotton and maize are the two gm crops most widely grown in developing countries. In india and china, in particular, the area under bt cotton has increased sharply over the last couple of years, reaching 25 million acres in 2007 james, 2007. Genetically modified cotton gets extra gene to keep insects. Find out the meaning advantages and disadvantages of genetically modified or gm crops which will be useful for the upscprelims, ssc, state services, nda, cds, and. Many farmers, however, reported disadvantage in the seed cost. Disadvantages of bt cotton bt cotton has several advantages but it has some limitations also, which were given as below. Although bt cotton seeds are affordable for large scale agriculture, the seeds are too expensive for small industry farmers. The following table is created from the usda, national agricultural statistics service data, showing use of pesticides on cotton both bt and non bt.
What are the advantages or disadvantages of selecting bt varieties of brinjal for farmers. United states agriculture agricultural bt cotton january. Advantages and disadvantages of bt cotton free essay. Most pesticides that are sprayed onto crops kill all insects, including harmless and beneficial ones. High cost of bt cotton seeds as compared to non bt cotton. What are the advantages or disadvantages of selecting bt. Socioeconomic impact of bt cotton a case study of karnataka v.
Bt cotton for short on soil biodiversity and ecosystem function. Strangely, this seems to have been less acknowledged by detractors of the bt cotton technology. Genetically modified foods have seeped into the daily diet in the united states. Jan 03, 2015 bt cotton benefits, costs, and impacts 1. However the damage the cotton plants received from bollworms, cotton has undergone a process where bt has been added to its gene to combat the pesticides. India has been the one of the success stories for the higher yields brought on by bt cotton. Genetically modified foods massachusetts medical society. Pdf genetically modified gm crops and sustainable development. What are the advantages and disadvantages of cotton. Pdf is a proprietary format that allows you to read electronic documents. Advantages of pdf over jpeg pdf files are a reliable way to store images.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of genetically. There are no potentially physical health hazards, while in the form of semi fabrics or raw material. Pdf portable document format is a file format developed by adobe systems. It is based on a survey of 100 farmers in the 20022003 cropping season that included farmers that had purchased bt cotton and others who planted conventional, nontransgenic varieties. Bt cotton successfully repels the boll weevil larvae, one of the pests of cotton plants, and other larval insects that harm the plant. Pros and cons of 20 years of gmo cotton production presentation. Economic impacts and impact dynamics of bt cotton in india. Bt cotton in india india is the largest cotton producer and consumer country after china. Therefore, bt cotton has already proved useful in countries where it has been introduced earlier. It is well known that the cotton bollworms develop resistance to bt.
We conclude that bt cotton has created large and sustainable benefits, which contribute to positive economic and social development in india. Reduction in the use of insecticides by almost 50%, reduction in the harmful effect on the environment, good quality of cotton fiber at par with non bt cotton, better yield per unit of input use. In contrast, bt is specific to a few insects that are susceptible to the toxin and only kills insects that have ingested bt. Transgenic bt cotton boon or bane to the indian farmers. Sep 30, 2009 the most celebrated problem ever associated with bt crops was the claim that pollen from bt maize could kill the monarch butterfly.
The experimental work was based upon the need to establish the risk of production and release of bt. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using acrobat. Bt cottons unintended effects and missing debates in india. In 2003, bt corn varieties comprised 29% of all us corn, while 41% of. Comparative analysis of the economics of bt and nonbt cotton. In agriculture, genetic modification gm can address crop protection issues, e. An essay advantages and disadvantages of gmo cotton reports that the growth of cotton is popular in five continents of the world. However, a recent study has shown that the bollworms are able to survive and reproduce in bt hybrids even with two cry genes9.
Disadvantages of gm bt cotton genetic modification. Apr 12, 2014 advantages of btcotton yield superiority more profit lesser need of pesticide better quality suitability for early sowing 17. The following points highlight the eight main advantages of transgenic plant. What is pdf file advantage of pdf file sysinfotools. Economic impacts and impact dynamics of bt cotton in india article in proceedings of the national academy of sciences 10929. These documents will be prepared on case by case basis with the assistance of risk. Ecological impacts of gm cotton on soil biodiversity.
How to describe the disadvantages and advantages of bt. Effectiveness up to 150 days, after that the toxin producing efficiency of the bt gene drastically reduces. Bt technology was developed by multinational seed companies for the. Kiresur and manjunath ichangi university of agricultural sciences, dharwad580 005, karnataka abstract the performance bt. Pdf file format advantages and disadvantages the pdf format has many advantages like. However, a recent study has shown that the bollworms are able to survive and reproduce in bt. These two issues could put the brakes on the bt cotton story india has the fifth largest area under gm crop cultivation, and bt cotton seeds account for 40% of the rs 14,000. It is important that teachers learn to use a variety. Introduction bt cotton is one of the first genetically modified gm crop technologies with wide distribution in developing countries. They do not occupy too much space on disc and can be easily opened. In india and china, in particular, the area under bt cotton. Viewing pdf files in your web browser or in free software such as adobe reader gives you access to everything from magazines and catalogs to tax forms and educational.
Since its introduction in 1996, bt cotton use rapidly grew to 50 to 70% of cotton acreage in arizona. Genetically engineered cotton benefits farmers, predatory insects. In 2002 the bt crop was introduced to 50,000 acres of land and by 2007 the crops popularity had made it be introduced to 6. Eight years after the deployment of bt cotton, india became the number one exporter of cotton globally and the second largest cotton producer in the world. Higher crop yields the introduction of bt cotton has affected the production of cotton worldwide hugely. Knowing those facts will help you narrow down which fabric type is best for your clients. Bollgard cotton was developed to control several lepidopteran pests of cotton through the bt cry1ac gene.
This is roughly about 3 to 8 times the cost of conventional seeds the new york times. Pdf file format advantages and disadvantages download. Bollgard cotton has two significant benefits for us farmers and society. However the voices against bt cotton raise various issues like. Btcrops are cultivated to prevent damage to the crop from pests like a nematode, diptera, lepidopteran, etc.
Global adoption of bt cotton has risen dramatically from 800,000 hectares in its year of introduction in 1996 to 5. Disadvantages higher cost of seeds higher fertilizer and irrigation cost higher harvest cost 18. This gene was sourced from the soil bacteria bacillus thuringiensis bt, and it enabled the plant to produce the bt protein which killed cotton s major pest, heliothis or the cotton. Because cotton is primarily a fiber crop, the contamination of food with toxins from cotton is highly unlikely. This report was puzzling because the pollen from most maize hybrids contains much lower levels of bt than the rest of the plant and led to multiple followup studies. Bt cotton have several advantages over conventional chemical fertilizers and. What are advantages and disadvantages of bt cotton.
Economic impacts and impact dynamics of bt bacillus. When discussing the advantages and disadvantages of gm. Bt cotton is an insectresistant transgenic crop designed to combat the bollworm. Advantages and disadvantages of bt cotton free essay example. High cost of bt cotton seeds as compared to non bt cotton seeds. Ecologically it may be problematic, as we still dont have a feel for how inserting this bt gene into the cotton gene pool is going to affect weedy relatives, or the diversity of our cotton. Genetically engineered also called genetically modified or gm cotton is. Mar 24, 2007 we dont eat cotton or cotton products cotton seed meal, while high in protein, is toxic.
The link below will take you to a video that explains the pros and cons of 20 years of gmo cotton production from keith edmisten, professor of crop and soil sciences and nc state extension cotton specialist. Advantages and disadvantages of fdaapproved hiv assays. Bt cotton is supplied in maharashatra by the agribiotechnology company mahyco, which distributes it. It is true that insecticides are now being used for sapsucking pest control on bt cotton hybrids. This research programme focuses on the impacts of genetically modified gm cotton crops bacillus thuringiensis cotton.
It also has some disadvantages such as it is not wrinkle resistant, and it takes a long time to dry. Cotton is one of the major fiber crops, which is used for a variety of industrial. High cost of bt cotton seeds as compared to non bt cotton seeds makes not afforded by small and marginal farmers of india. This was the worlds first recorded instance of resistance to bt cotton. Its important to us that garment decorators know the advantages and disadvantages of cotton and polyester fabrics, and of course the cottonpolyester blended fabrics.
One of the advantages of the bt cotton is that it does not have the actual bacterium bacillus thuriengensis in it which is harmless to humans. The study monitored the impacts of socalled bt cotton over more than 20 years and 2. Advantages and disadvantages of pdf format logaster. Safety testing and regulation of genetically engineered foods. Kiresur and manjunath ichangi university of agricultural sciences, dharwad580 005, karnataka abstract the performance bt technology and its impact on farming community have been assessed in northern.
February 9, 2011, harri daniel, comments off on benefits of pdf files. For example, if they are buying gots certified organic cotton. Cotton belt because of increasing insecticide resistance and production costs. This study on the economics of bt cotton in the state of karnataka was conducted during the first year of commercial introduction of bt cotton in india. Bt cotton is a genetically engineered form of natural cotton. It is commonly referred to as bt cotton, because it produces an insecticidal protein from the naturally occurring soil bacterium bacillus thuringiensis bt.
To file a complaint of discrimination, write usda, office of civil rights, room 326w, whitten building. We have already briefly mentioned this format in this article image file formats jpeg, png, svg, pdf. Bt toxin is part of the family of proteins known as poreforming toxins pft which is synthesized in bacillus thuringiensis. You can easily view your document pagebypage as they appear in their printed form. Pdf bacillus thuringiensis bt cotton is commonly grown in all over the world to control. In agriculture, genetic modification gm can address crop protection issues. False hype and failed promises cotton farmers crisis continues with crop failure and suicides 1coalition for a gmfree india ten years after bt cotton officially entered india, its manufacturers and promoters. Cotton offers some advantages in that its inexpensive, absorbent, breathable and soft. One of the problems with sharing documents made in microsoft word or other word processors is that when you share a file from one computer to the next, the formatting can prove to be very.
Ineffective against sucking pests like jassids, aphids, whitefly etc. Bt cotton, a game changer to cotton farming in kenya. Advantages and disadvantages of cotton and polyester fabrics. Genetically modified cotton gets extra gene to keep insects at bay. As cotton began to gain high popularity, in 2009, a group of entomologist from monsanto corporation found and confirmed the pink bollworm a major cotton pest has developed resistance to bt cotton in 4 states in india monsanto. Pdf can genetically modified cotton contribute to sustainable. The epas primary role is regulation of the plant pesticides in crops such as genetically engineered bt corn, cotton and potatoes3. Bt cotton is based on a technology that will work with reasonable success in many countries but it will not work in india. What is pdf file format pdf portable document format is a file format developed by adobe systems. Cotton is one of the major fiber crops, which is used for a variety of industrial productions. Bt stands for bacillus thuringiensis a soil bacterium which contains a toxic gene called bt gene. The main advantage of utilizing biotechnology in agriculture are the possibilities of increase in productivity through the.
Several studies have established considerable economic benefits of bt cotton cultivation to the farmers of all. Reduction in the use of insecticides by almost 50%, reduction in the harmful effect on the environment, good quality of cotton fiber at par with non bt cotton. Bt cotton contains genes from bacillus thuringiensis that make the. Bt crops are engineered to produce an insecticidal protein derived from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis. Albeltagy plant protection research institute alsobhia, baccous, 21616, alexandria, egypt. Follow the explanation to understand the need of such a crop and how it is exactly done. Evaluation of the impact of genetically modified cotton. The major advantage of bt corn is that it reduces the need to use broadspectrum insecticides. We dont eat cotton or cotton products cotton seed meal, while high in protein, is toxic. Bt cotton was created by genetically altering the cotton genome to express a microbial protein from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis. Apr, 2015 here are 7 big benefits to making the pdf format a part of your business operations, and some options for how to create pdfs. Monsanto had come out with bt cotton with two cry genes. Advantages of gm bt cotton disadvantages of gm bt cotton my opinion. Bt cotton successfully repels the boll weevil larvae, one of the principal predators of cotton, and all other larval insects trying to take a bite out of the cotton plant, eliminating the necessity for pesticide applications.
84 680 398 1285 398 1458 986 444 69 1311 1211 466 1030 1214 1132 337 1137 862 1563 67 1155 496 1452 1330 876 1510 726 1464 499 1111 133 562 641 510 1216 1142 527 650 532 263 1136 1391 1076 1476 159 1090 693 99